Plásticos invisibles, riesgos reales: una amenaza para la salud humana
Invisible plastics, real risks: a threat to human health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/cienciauanl29.138-1Keywords:
microplásticos, exposición humana, ingestión, inhalación, salud pública, microplastics, human exposure, ingestion, inhalation, public healthAbstract
Los microplásticos están presentes en agua, suelo, atmósfera, flora y fauna, además de que se han detectado en tejidos, fluidos y sistemas biológicos humanos, lo que genera preocupación por los efectos en la salud. La exposición ocurre por ingestión, inhalación, contacto dérmico y vías médicas relacionadas con dispositivos y procedimientos. Estudios in vitro y en animales muestran respuestas inflamatorias, estrés oxidativo, daño mitocondrial, alteraciones endocrinas y capacidad para transportar aditivos y contaminantes. La evidencia epidemiológica humana aún es limitada. Ante esta incertidumbre se recomienda aplicar el principio de precaución, implementar medidas de prevención y priorizar investigación sobre riesgos sanitarios.
Abstract
Microplastics are present in water, soil, the atmosphere, flora and fauna, and have also been detected in human tissues, fluids and biological systems, which raise concern about their effects on health. Human exposure occurs through ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact, and medical pathways related to devices and procedures. In vitro and animal studies provide evidence of inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, endocrine alterations, and the ability to transport additives and contaminants. Human epidemiological evidence remains limited; given this uncertainty, the precautionary principle should be applied, preventive measures implemented and research on health risks prioritized.
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